Conclusion : Every one have to pay a certain tax.

**Dhimmis = The people on charge- Mean people that are on the state responsability and the state have to protect. Many Wizir (prime minsiters) were Dhimmis and even Jewish.

Dimmis don’t have the duty as other muslum citizen to partcipate on wars and fight because they pay Jizya. Dhimis were autonomous, have their properties, lands slaves and even their laws, chruches etc.
They were a place for every religion and ethnicity.

As for digits :)

Ironically most of ‘arab’ countries use now hindu litterals :) and the west use the arabic digit. What you advance is 100% wrong.
Also muslum civilisation is not ‘arabic’ but rather multi ethnic.

Hindi litterals : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

•The invasion and subjugation will ever be forgotten or forgiven no matter how wonderful the victor may be. In fact quite the opposite is true.

•Being of European extraction I feel that I owe a debt of gratitude to Charles Martel (the hammer) for giving the Umayyad Caliphate the bums rush out of central Europe after he defeated their army at the Battle of Poitiers AKA the Battle of Tours in AD 732. It was after all his actions that prevented further Islamic contamination of Europe.

•The narrator said, “the Christians converted in droves.” As if it was some sort of epiphany. The truth is that the Visigothic Christian occupants of Hispania that remained were ‘obliged’ to convert to Islam or forever occupy the lowest rung of the social ladder.

“Many Christians converted to Islam to avoid the Jizya tax which they were subjected to as Dhimmis. Conversion to Islam also opened up new horizons to the native Christians, alleviated their social position, ensured better living conditions, and broadened scope for more technically skilled and advanced work.”

Well no ****, it was either convert or scrabble in the dirt for a marginal living.

Obviously the narrator has an infatuation with Islamic world but I find it to be absurd that this woman doesn’t have a problem with the brutal subjugation of the indigenous population of Iberia by the Umayyad Caliphate. In fact she hardly mentions it. However in characterizing the Reconquista as a dirty grab for land by packs of barbarian Christians she marks herself as intellectually dishonest. They were simply taking back what was stolen from them. Turn about is after all fair play.

And the Narrator ignorantly attributes 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 what we call Arabic numerals to the Muslims, but in truth they are Hindu numerals that were in common usage by the Persians and Hindus hundreds of years before Islam came into existence. But to be fair the Arabs have always called them ‘Hindu Numerals.’ And as far as the concept of zero is concerned that bit dates back to the Babylonians who in the 2nd millennium BC had a sophisticated sexagesimal (Base 60) positional numeral system.

“The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India where by the 9th century AD practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division.”

The bottom line is that Conquest is conquest and subjugation is subjugation and retribution should be expected.

**Jizya = Material proof (tribute) of the non-Muslims’ acceptance of subjection.
**Dhimmis = one having fewer legal and social responsibilities and rights than a Muslim.

http://www.amazon.com/Golden-Moor-Journal-African-Civilizations/dp/1560005815
“Over the years I have both read and heard many different theories about the racial and ethnic identity of the people that history refers to as the Moors. According to history, the Moors are the people who invaded and then occupied southern Spain for some 400 years and made their presence felt thoughout Europe. However, the historians who give us there theories on the racial and ethnic identity of the Moors give very little, and in many cases, no credible evidence at all to support them. In his book The Golden Age Of The Moor, Ivan Van Sertima takes an entirely different approach to identifing the Moors. He dosen’t atempt to explain the theories of others nor does he offer a theory of his own. Instead Van Sertima presents a compilation of historical information taken from the museums of Europe that describe the Moors. In his book Van Sertima presents paintings, sculptures, coats of arms, and written records about the Moors, that date back to the period that the Moors were in Europe. Van Sertima’s approach is based upon his premis that the most accurate information about the Moors would be the information recorded by the European historians and the European people that lived during the period of time that Moors were in Europe. I wholeheartly agree with Van Sertima. I feel that his book, The Golden Age Of The Moor is an excellent work, highly recomended for anyone looking for factual information on the racial and ethnic identity of the Moors.” -Michael Dennis

” maybe i missed it but, at the beginning, did she ever mention which region in Africa the moors originate, i know she said Muslim and Arabic speaking but, the Sudanese fit that description too. i wanna know what the moors looked like ”

First of all start by doing some effective and unbiased research on the origins of the word Maures and furthermore the meaning of this word…you will be startled by what you find…Caution!!!

Well it’s so interesting that you are the only one so far in this post that brings up the question of the true ethnicity of the MOORS. This shows that you are quite open minded and are willing to fight against being misguided.

Well again I’m not trying to convince or educate you but I’ll place the facts and you do the research yourself. Africans are in no doubt aware of their history, heritage and glory regarding The African continent, Ancient Olmec civilization, and the MOORS.
To answer your question I will suggest that you start by doing extensive research on Shakespeare’s works in which one of the famous works is better known as OTHELLO. The character of Othello himself was represented as a very dark African… There are statues all over Europe that represent the true nature of the MOORS but it looks as if here in the U.S. we are so caught up in racism that we are blinded and seem to elude the facts and go by propaganda.
The first movie ever made about Othello was starring Sir Lawrence Olivier who played the role of Othello. Ironically Sir Lawrence’s face and body was painted pitch black…since they could not use a true African due to the racism at the time.
Another famous (Epic) movie known as “The Long Ships” depicting a famous MOORISH general known as AL MANSUR was played by another famous African actor known as Sidney Poitier. Al Mansur (African Muslim) is also known to have conquered the great African Empire of Timbuctu in 1591 AD due to old terrain disputes and malpractices of true Islam by the Emperors of Mali and his people. Recent manuscripts which were protected and hidden deep in the sand by the MALIANS are now re-emerging telling the true nature of the conflict and depicting in no doubt the true Nature of the war and the MOORS ruled by Al Mansur at the time. Experts say it will take over 50 years to decipher these African Manuscripts.
Every body and their grandma in Mali know of the MOORS to be of African descent and is in no way news to them except in the west and beyond…LoL

Also the most recent movie about Othello was played by an African American named Lawrence Fishburne.

Are these just mere coincidences???!!!

and for the person who commented about the “gun powder” thing, claiming that muslims do use it “alot” …well, let’s just not throw accusations here because if you wanna go down this road your very own nation can’t possibly be free of charges of terrorism and bloody actions…so dont blame others unknowingly just because of the picture you’re MADE TO BELIEVE by your own mass media and maybe governments…

great video though, and thanks for such efforts :)

How far back your ancestry goes, is absolutely all the way. someone had to give birth to your parents who were birthed by someone else etc. on down the line all the way back to bacteria 4 billion years ago. you and the oak tree in my back yard have the same grandfather way way back in time nearly a billion years ago, you and a the horse down the road have the same grandfather who lived around 60 million years ago. You and EL CID have the same grandfather somewhere back in time from 500 to 10,000 years ago. The point is we are all related, not just person to person, but life to life.

You are the cousin of every Muslim, Christian, Jew, Hindu, Buddhist, and Tree Frog in the world.

Course if you wanna go all the way back, all your pieces and parts and all the energy involved is all directly related to every galaxy, star, & planet in the universe. And whats more it all sprang into existence right where you sit, about 14 billion years ago.

Thank you Renaissance and the Scientific revolution. And thank you to all our ancestors for surviving long enough to make babies.