Did Civilization Begin At Karahan Tepe?

Karahan Tepe, located in Turkey's Şanlıurfa Province and often referred to as "Keçilitepe" by locals, is an archaeological site that has significantly contributed to our understanding of early human settlements. Approximately 46 kilometers east of Göbekli Tepe - a site known for its T-shaped megalithic structures and considered a sister site - Karahan Tepe covers around 15 hectares, with an additional five more from quarries associated with the site's famous T-shaped columns.

Archaeological excavations at Karahan Tepe commenced in 1997 and have since yielded a wealth of information regarding Neolithic cultures dating back to between 9,000 and 11,000 BCE. These findings include over 250 obelisks adorned with animal figures that offer insights into the symbolism and beliefs held by these early inhabitants. Necmi Karul, an archeologist at Istanbul University, describes this site as a 'phallic totem' due to its T-shaped columns carved into bedrock.

Karahan Tepe’s significance lies not only in the artifacts discovered but also in its potential status as one of the earliest known human villages. This discovery predates Göbekli Tepe and suggests a complex, organized community that existed during this prehistoric period. The site's proximity to Göbekli Tepe further supports theories about their interconnectedness.

The findings at Karahan Tepe raise questions about traditional theories that attribute civilization's emergence to agriculture. Instead, these discoveries suggest a multi-faceted society with shared spiritual beliefs and division of labor, predating the advent of farming by thousands of years. With new evidence from Göbekli Tepe and other Neolithic sites in the region, archaeologists are rethinking our understanding of early human societies.

The ongoing research at Karahan Tepe continues to shed light on the mysteries of prehistoric human life in this region. As more artifacts and structures are unearthed, our understanding of early civilizations expands, making it a pivotal site for archaeologists dedicated to deciphering the evolutionary path of humankind.