Homeopathy: The Test
Homeopathy was pioneered over 200 years ago. Practitioners and patients are convinced it has the power to heal. Today, some of the most famous and influential people in the world, including pop stars, politicians, footballers and even Prince Charles, all use homeopathic remedies. Yet according to traditional science, they are wasting their money.
Skeptic James Randi is so convinced that homeopathy will not work, that he has offered $1m to anyone who can provide convincing evidence of its effects. For the first time in the programme’s history, Horizon conducts its own scientific experiment, to try and win his money. If they succeed, they will not only be $1m richer – they will also force scientists to rethink some of their fundamental beliefs.
The basic principle of homeopathy is that like cures like: that an ailment can be cured by small quantities of substances which produce the same symptoms. For example, it is believed that onions, which produce streaming, itchy eyes, can be used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever.
However, many of the ingredients of homeopathic cures are poisonous if taken in large enough quantities. So homeopaths dilute the substances they are using in water or alcohol. This is where scientists become skeptical – because homeopathic solutions are diluted so many times they are unlikely to contain any of the original ingredients at all. Yet many of the people who take homeopathic medicines are convinced that they work. Has science missed something, or could there be a more conventional explanation?
Watch the full documentary now (playlist)
Ok! No one give away the ending to this documentary please! It was very interesting and worth watching, but only if you DON’T know the result of the “test” results! :-)
hahaha
I concur. Too many “spoilers”. Will watch it later tonight.
Yeah, that’s right. Was just gonna say something about the outcome, but it WOULD spoil it for everyone else who reads the comments first!
Nice doc, it think. ;)
ok the results are……..:)
Very interesting.
Okay, just read the comments, and now I have to watch this.
Nice. I was impressed.
Couldn’t wait. With my ‘miller time’ just finished watching it.
WATCH IT!
Most important doc ever here at TDF :)
Wow, I can’t believe he was dead the whole time!
jk
Real good doc.
I won’t be a spoiler!!
imfromnature: You think you’re funny don’t you? Well, this time you’re right! :-)
Excellent doc. Dramatic to the finish and one of the best horizon docs I’ve seen to date.
Thank you tdf
totally not worth sitting through. homeopathy doesn’t work. sorry but it was a total waste of time for that result.
Ya know-there’s ALWAYS one person with a low enough view of him/her self & others, that they feel the need to do something JUST for the “attention” they know they’ll get-whether it’s good OR bad.
So, here ya go zombie-here’s your “attention”. Hopefully no one else will indulge you on this thread-or any others.
Didn´t the scientists just discover that we had only counted 10% of the universe that they actually as fact thought existed prior to a new way of counting the cosmos ?
yes solopocono. I am telling people not to sit through an hour of information they prove useless in the end because i have some deep stemmed emotional problems. you really hit the nail on the head Dr. ego.
Girls, girls! No cat fights allowed on such an interesting documentary. Save it for the religious and/or the political ones! :-)
aaww i was about to stat taking bets over in my living room…good thing i don’t gamble …a?
lol @Charles B.
@ Hendrik-Jan: It’s more like ONE percent ;). But that doesn’t mean some crackpot stuff from 300 years ago suddenly turns right again…
Maybe science can’t tell what the whole world works like, but that doesn’t mean it can’t tell what’s certainly wrong!
The mental attitudes of the people around the product affects the efficacy and out come of any experiment.
720gunby(at)gmail(dot)com
Above was the opinion of Albert Einstien and many of his fellow scientist.
There are a lot of mitigating factors involved in order for this test to be done properly.
For one thing water is not just water, was it tap water they used, distilled water, ionized water?
How about the observer effect, the mere act of observation can effect the outcome of an experiment at the Quantum level.
“The Amazing Randi” is no dummy, he probably knew that!
And the lasering of the human cells and H2O will also change the outcome.
I demand a re-trial!
I was thinking about the same thing but didn’t have the courage to say it.
Observer could have influenced the result at atomic level.
Having read about homeopathy tests and with respect for BBC/Horizon, I guess I know what outcome to expect even before watching this. Now let’s see…
It was interesting but the outcome was expected. I think that the fact that results in separate labs come up with similar results does suggest something beyond the highly fixed results in the end. That is the real dilemma for traditional scientific protocol. It seems rather cowardly, like separation of Quantum Physics v. Classical Physics. I would suggest that it should be a debate of QUALITY/QUALITATIVE v. QUANTUM/QUANTITATIVE.
Achems Razor, you are welcome to do re-trials at your own expense. But first, please make a statement about how many re-trials would satisfy you, otherwise you are on clearly on a way to bankruptcy.
@ silkop:
I agree! was being facetious. Forgot to put (LOL) on the end!!!
Let your mind run free, no drugs, at least once a day.
@Milton Babb,
I agree with you…and hey sweet why not Einstein and great minds the world over! Dr. Emoto’s research into water crystallization and other research into mental assertion do definitely ask us to search for the limitations not of the atom but of ourselves
My friend, her small child (too small for placebo effect) & her dog (no possibility of placebo effect in my opinion) had positive results with homeopathy. I had none. Neither had my mother nor my cat. Yes, a veterinarian tried homeopathy when standard methods failed, but so did homeopathy. So I’m not convinced, but not totally sceptical either. I got rid of my problems eventually with low fat, 60-80% raw, vegan diet. Standard medicine failed me, too. Now I think prevention is the best cure. Really healthy diet can prevent a lot. Some doctors agree that up to 80% of all cancers are a result of unhealthy diet!
Someone here wrote about “Dr. Emoto’s research into water crystallization”. I’ve read somewhere dr. Emoto hand-picked the results he liked and ingnored the results he didn’t like, and he didn’t come up the same results most of the time.
Is there someting in the last part I misunderstood? Did this analysys show that some of the samples of “pure” “non-homeopathic” water made cells react? This means that either this method of analysis is wrong or it wasn’t pure water after all. None of the cells exposed to pure water should react, shouldn’t they? Unless it’s not “pure” in homeopathic point of view. It could be filtered tap, but it could somehow “remember” what it contained before filtration. Tap water contains minimal traces of medications, hormones etc. It might mean that water memory might be true, but not necessairly by homeopathic method of preparing the samples.
Anonymous: OOOOOO! I hadn’t thought of that! That’s a good question. The documentary doesn’t make that very clear, does it?
I go along with @ anonymous:
As I said in my above post, they did not mention what water they used.
If they used distilled water it would attract anything it can especially co2. that is what makes distilled water a little acidic.
Have delved into “Dr. Emoto’s” research before.
I myself have a water distiller and drink only distilled water, for two years now.
But when distilled leave it in glass containers out in the sun for a number of hours to line up the molecules per “Dr. Emoto”
If water does have memory, yes, than all the trace elements, such as Fluoride, antibiotics, birth control, prescription drugs, illegal drugs, hormones etc: that are in tap water, or remembered in filtered water will have effect
I ultimately feel that all this has much more to do with intent and the effect that we have on organic matter, than any other explanation. Having said that, it may be a little hard to prove intent using current scientific methods. There is a whole world of energies that influence an “exotic” system of interaction, that science is slowly coming round to getting a grips with but which many “debunked” or ridiculed researchers have attempted to explain. e.g. The Backster effect ,The Secret Life of Plants (http://www.theepochtimes.com/n2/content/view/29564/).
Actualy if the experiment was to prove that it did not work **none of the samples should have activated any of the cells because there was no histamine in them**, unless they were using blood cells from someone who is allergic to distilled water or whichever water they used. So they gave out on a well earned 1 000 000 dollars when they actually proved it works the only thing they f***** up on is when they made the assumption that water memory is transfered only through contact between molecules and not some other way.
This method of introducing a little of the substance,that is causing the problem is what we do when we vaccinate ourselves from different viruses and diseases.
We introduce a small amount so the body goes into fighting mode and builds up a resistance to the foreign substance.
Hay fever is treated the same way along with food allergies.
You introduce the substance little by little until the body builds up a resistance to the problem.
When you go into the cold water for the first time,its really cold but if you keep doing it all the time your body adapts to the cold and builds up a level of resistance to that coldness.
It is the same with pain,or fitness your body adapts to the next level.
So i am assuming that by introducing a substance that causes a reaction to the body can also be cured by smaller amounts of the same substance or another substance in smaller amounts that causes the same reaction.
This is how they treat hay fever and food allergies.
Your brain can learn,so can your body.
James Randi has a few words on this matter :)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WyzM_TsIXc
So…..more I think about it more it’s strange. Can homeopathy reverse my baldness?
HOMEOPATHY IS REAL, NOT THE WAY THEY PUT IT ON THE VIDEO.
IT IS REAL BECAUSE MILLIONS OF PEOPLE USE IT AND IT GIVES RESULTS, do you need science to prove it?.
SCIENCE? science can’t even explain gravity, can’t explain why live exist, can’t explain how to give live to something.
science, Can’t explain the soul of every human have
so if you believe on homeopathy..
live healthy and enjoy it without
the costs of modern medicine and powerful insurance companies (CORPORATIONS THAT MAKE MILLION OF MONEY FROM YOU)
This is very misleading. Homeopathy is the medical practice of assisting our bodies ability to perform homeostasis. In other words, its ability to maintain survival and health.
In other words, if you are having acid reflux, introduce an acidic substance and your body reacts to it, and typically compensates sufficiently. This is the opposite of allopathic medicine. For instance taking ant-acid instead, or a better example anti-depression medication. All it does is disable your body’s ability to perform homeostasis (you stop producing pleasure hormones without the drug). If you introduce something to yourself that performs something your body should be doing you are disabling your bodies ability to do it alone. A better example is a vaccine, introduce a small amount of the virus, your body builds a defense. You wouldn’t introduce a replacement immune system, that would be ******.
We’ve all benefited from homeopathy, duh, vaccinations…lol.
A small portion of a weakened virus, so our body defends itself naturally. Wow, they really offered a million, what retards
@Realism
Nice observation regarding the acid reflex. I have been telling people for years now that all you need to do to get rid of heartburn is drink a teaspoon of vinegar, and it works, tried tested and true. But this doesn’t support your theory, because people have the misconception that heartburn is caused by to much acid but to the contrary it is caused by not enough. When you eat and your stomach does not produce sufficient digestive acids the food does not digest so the gases from the food rise and this is what gives you heartburn, not the acid itself.
Check out “The Enemies of Reason”. It will explain how the theory of homopathic medicine is flawed because there is not enough molecules in the universe to support the ratio needed.
or rather, there is not enough molecules on earth to support the ratio.
They diluted the substances to up to 18c. According to homeopathy experts the perfect dilution is 1c so how could the experiment have turned out favorable if proper protocol wasnt followed…hmm
To REALISM…
Great point! I think theyre just trying to create hype and controversy as usual. I am no scientist either, but isnt matter never destroyed only transformed? if this is the case then there must be some trace of the solute still have even a remote presence in the solvent after dilution? hmm
Here everyone check out this link on the mystery of water it should explain thing better and would prove that homeopathy exists http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/water-great-mystery/
I knew the end results of this documentary without watching it, because James Randi was in it. I have been a fan of his for a long time. He is indeed, The Amazing Randi.
I don’t have much of an opinion either way regarding homeopathy, but I find it interesting that they brought a slight-of-hand magician along to “oversee” the experiment. To me, this brings about huge suspicion. It’s as if Randi was there just in case they got positive results (which they did at first). It which case, Randi, being a professional magician, could have easily been there as damage-control, tampering with the results or the code unbeknownst to the researchers.
We have to understand that everything has a price, even science. There are several examples of the institution of science bending results, ignoring evidence, and smearing natural remedies under the influence of big business. In this case, big pharma specifically. We also need to keep in mind that Randi is making this about HIS money, HIS million dollars. You better believe he does all he can to ensure no one gets that kind of money off of him. Even if it means using his slight-of-hand or paying off any one of the researchers involved with a fraction of that amount if need be. Unless you believe foul play and dishonesty tend NOT to surface when there’s large sums of money (or corporate profit)involved, lol.
The point is, we all need to be REAL skeptics. This includes being skeptical of James Randi, the academic institution of science in general along with the claims of homeopathy.
I think if it had to come out,as positive,pharma compenies would lose billions and would cause all kind of economicc chaos!So no this test aint solid since they did not mention alot of things for ex. the water type and so on!And then to add a magition?cmon that was ******!
Actually when that french dude proved it i was like okay this is real,but mabey not!The final proof was when that lady did it and it came out positive,all alone in her lab with minimal interferance,cmon what more do you need!Something is def there!Then came this so called real test witch was done the same way just with more interferance from pple and machines and what not!All that control leads to less control if you know what i mean!cuz so much more can go wrong!hell i dont know but this movie doest prove a thing!You think french dude and woman were out to trick pple?i think not!But that last test was too much…….ummm theatricks?sry my spelling sucks!
I moved to homeopathy some 15 years back when I was suffering from allergic asthma type illness and allopathy was not working. The allopathic medicine only tried to do quick fix like relieving cough, cold etc. But the cold and breathing trouble always returned when I got affected by allergens like dust. This was recurring every year during the windy/rainy seasons. I started taking homeopathy medicines and had complete cure of the allergy problems. I no longer have the allergy problems, no breathing troubles.
I dont mind if homeopathy is not scientific as long as I am getting cured. If I can be cured at very low cost, why should I care about allopathy ?
If homeopathy is ever recognized as some genuine medicine, allopathy,pharma, insurance all have to loose much.
The size of this industry which runs into hundreds of billions should be taken into consideration along with their criticism.
At last, homeopathy may not cure all the diseases like allopathy, but certainly hold promise for lot of diseases. People are free to choose. If this form of medicine survived for multiple centuries certainly it is not without merit.
You cannot cheat all the people all the time especially with their health. You cannot falsely convince anybody that they have recovered.
No one has stated what I would have thought to be obvious. Every molecule of water on the planet has, probably millions of times, come into “remote” (as remote as relationships get within a 10C homeo dilution) contact, and experienced agitation, with thousands and thousands of other substances.
How long is water’s memory? Just the last thing? A week, year, millenium, million years? How many “things” can water remember? That it was near sulfur 2200 years ago, cadmium 1200 years ago, carbon dioxide 123 years ago, snake venom last year, histamine last week? Does it remember all of these things equally?
Now listen to what you’re saying to yourself… these are absurd questions. CORRECT!
You bunch of whiners are the reason people are still sucked into this nonsense. You refuse to accept reality even when Homeopathy is demonstrated to be totally useless and don’t you think Randi would have been relieved of his million by now if their was even an ounce of truth to this lemon.
Look, allopathic medicine is the best we have been able to come up with as enquiring human beings to treat our many ailments. Homeopathy was an old idea that was abandoned by the medical profession in droves as science began to provide much better and more sensible answers – in leaps and bounds.
Nevertheless, why would anyone really think that a bottle of water is going to rid your kid of a nasty rash or would you do the sensible and responsible thing and go to the doctor – no contest, so why pretend there might just be something in it – there isn’t, it’s a money making scam and it’s dangerous to think Homeopathy can help in any way other then psychologically.
@Jim is absolutely correct. To put an urban spin on his astute observation, understand that the water we drink everyday washes down the hillsides filtering through rotting animal carcases, animal faeces and illegally dumped waste materials before reaching a reservoir from where it’s then cleaned and pumped to your tap – what a brew so, bottoms up everyone!
@OldLimpy
The ‘Jim’ you refer to does bring up a valid question. I’d be interested in hearing a response to that from someone who knows more about homeopathy than we do.
The thing is, homeopathy has not demonstrated to be totally useless. Only when the magician showed up did this happen. The contrary was demonstrated before the magic man with a million dollars to lose got involved. Randi will never be relieved of his million dollars because he’d never let that happen. How rich do you think he really is?
Your comment is full of assumptions that are proving to be untrue as we learn more and more about how corporations and the medical establishment works. Firstly, allopathic medicine is not necessarily the best we’ve been able to come up with. More likely, it’s just the most profitable. History has shown that we more often embrace the profitable solutions over the practical ones. Notice we don’t have any cures for disease, just costly treatments that usually end up being a lifetime commitment. Medical progress is largely a joke. We’ve been “fighting” Cancer, Heart Disease, Diabetes, etc. for decades with nothing to show for it other than slightly extended life expectancy so the patient can be squeezed for even more money for a longer period of time. On the other hand, we have consumer goods and electronics available to us that would make the Jetsons envious, illustrating that true progress only rears it’s head when it’s *profitable*.
@Cooper
I wonder if you actually watched the documentary. Jim’s observation is a sensible extrapolation of the evidence demonstrated by the scientists in a double blind experiment. The only response you could possibly get from an honest homeopathist would be an unscientific and self serving personal opinion. It is a demonstrable fact that the current understanding and efficacy of Homeopathic medicine is revealed to have a faulty premise when subjected to even basic level scientific enquiry. If you still require evidence for the healing powers of Homeopathy then ask a scientist, not a homeopathist if you care about the truth and wish your reality to be informed with the best available information.
Profit necessarily drives progress. The reality is that ‘everyone’ is in it for the money but none more so then the Homeopaths, Naturopaths, Chiropractors, hypnotists, healers, psychics, diviners and all the rest of the flim flam artists. These people all make a dishonest profit after setting themselves up at minimal expense and with little to no training so, in what way would you say they progressed? Well, they haven’t and they can’t other than to put a new spin on a silly idea. You can not compare their mumblings with legitimate hard earned enterprise. Flim-flam is what it is and you empower these misguided and potentially harmful nondescripts with your foggy rationalizing and conspiratorial thinking.
@Old Limpy,
First of all, I’m not saying I’m totally convinced Homeopathy works, but I’ll play along here.
I did watch the documentary and it is NOT a demonstrable fact that Homeopathic medicine is revealed to have a faulty premise because the first two scientist DID subject it to scientific inquiry with positive results. And not exactly basic inquiry either. It seems to me that you just skipped ahead to the last 20 minutes when Randi the magician was hanging around. How can any scientific experiment possibly be taken seriously when there’s a slight-of-hand artist involved? If that’s acceptable practice in science then I’d suggest you reevaluate it’s legitimacy.
Sure, everyone’s entitled to make a profit, but what evidence do you have that Homeopaths, Naturopaths, and Chiropractors are in it for the money more so than corporate funded science? Now you’re just tossing around accusations without backing them up. Not to mention, you’re tossing in psychics and diviners to obviously build up a strawman argument. Personally, I’ve kept in good health and experienced healing on many occasions thanks to Naturopathy and Chiropractic care. So it’s amusing to say the least that you’d try to convince me otherwise because of something you read in some science book or magazine.
Scientific dishonesty is common, and obviously you haven’t been keeping up with the many mainstream stories that expose it’s authority as often fraudulent. Especially when it speaks on behalf of corporate and military interests. This isn’t conspiratorial thinking, there is proof and admittance by scientist themselves that data is often shaped to fit the expectations of the funding entity. http://bit.ly/a9uOki
You should do a bit of research into the shady practices of Monsanto’s scientist while you’re at it too. It also wouldn’t hurt to look into the role science played in the success of the tobacco industry and the Pharmaceudical industry. Not to mention, most recently the shenanigans of the NOAA: http://bit.ly/cH33lx
You empower the dangerous authority of an often corrupt institution with your blind faith in science. You confuse the scientfic method with the proclaimations of state/corporate funded captial ‘S’ Science. The ladder is not always an honest result of the former. What’s ironic is that your ramblings remind me of those of a religious fanatic who believes they own the truth because the Bible told them so. But in your case it’s the publications of the painfully conservative institution of mainstream Science.
Sorry, but your kind of arguments are a dime a dozen. They are the product of a severely dated paradigm, which is thankfully, and finally on it’s way toward extinction.
@Cooper
If you watched the documentary then you obviously missed the point and are purposely taking a contrary position, considering you admit to know little about Homeopathy. It is an undeniable fact that the closer one looks at the pseudosciences, the more obvious the flim flam becomes. The premise of Homeopathy, ‘like cures like’, is based entirely on sympathetic magic and wishful thinking and does not even remotely resemble science. You can confirm this for yourself, not hard to do. I make no assumptions and offer no straw man arguments unlike your entire argument of straw man and special pleading. Right, it’s the scientists fault and james Randi’s and corporate America’s and Monsanto’s and even Jesus Christ’s fault but here’s the clincher – your personal experience is real convincing. If you remove all your rhetoric you actually contribute nothing of any value to the discussion whatsoever, so you are not playing along at all, are you.
Why on earth would you say Randi’s involvement could possibly make scientific investigation illegitimate in any way. James Randi has made a career out of employing scientific methodology, not magic as you erroneously assume, to debunk and expose charlatans who, it seems, are unable to demonstrate their assertions in or near anything that resembles a controlled laboratory condition, but you ignore this fact. Don’t you think a million dollars would have them banging the laboratory door down, well, it does and Randi exposes them every time – it takes a magician to catch a magician, you should look up his work.
I put my money on empirically researched science regardless of how it’s funded because that is the absolute best we can do as a society and is money absolutely well spent, whether you like the idea or not. But giving money to Homeopaths or Naturopaths or Nutritionists or Chiropractors etc, who skip the research and development part to bank their grubby profit is totally bereft of any common sense. Do you honestly think the people who call themselves a Homeopath or Naturopath are beavering away on the latest tincture or herbal remedy that’s going to cure cancer or even prevent belching for that matter, of course not, but even if they did, why would you believe them, it’s just water and foliage – flim flam.
Your last sentence is simply dismissive and senseless. My kind of arguments…dated paradigm…extinction…all sounds somewhat deluded.
Good documentary. Homeopathy is an interest of mine. I am a skeptic at best. I have seen people who will attest to it’s successes but have also personally seen it’s utter failure. A woman I know had 6 children she raised every one of them homeopathicly. The first 5 are happy health teens and up now the sixth Died. Yes her child died not of some horrible birth defect not of a genetic disease or sids. Her last child died of the Friggin flu. I no longer have contact with her or her family as in my opinion she is negligible for the death of her own child and was never charged with anything. So people who do believe that’s just great and I hope it works for you and your little round tic tacs make your sniffles all better. But for gods sake let people who know what the heck they are doing care for your children medically. Do not repeat her mistakes.
This reminds me of “The Secret”. Wah Wah Wah Wah. Think in your mind that your cancer is cured. What? You died? You didn’t think hard enough then. We use our reptillion brains WAY to much.
@ Reasons Voice,
Interesting. So according to what you’re saying, homeopathy had roughly an 85% success rate. That’s better than what I would have guessed. Sounds like there was something else wrong with the poor kid who died though. It’s highly unlikely the last one died as a result of homeopathy per se. A lot of people don’t see a doctor when they have the flu and turn out just fine.
Now who paid BBC to produce this documentary? Maybe if they weren’t the ones bribed or coerced, who was? Who is ultimately responsible for these results being the conclusion? At the end of everything, I do not believe the “results”. Who is paying the “skeptic”? He must have some very high contacts to have so much confidence that the results wouldn’t hold up. He’s not even a scientist, he’s a magician of illusion and furthermore has ultimately iluded the results in my opinion. Anything is possible.
I don’t understand why it is so important to know what James Randi did for a job in his younger years. If that is so vital to the results then I want to know what everyone in this documentary did for jobs during their lifetimes.
To “Listener”, in answer to your statement: “You cannot falsely convince anybody that they have recovered.” I reply “Placebo effect”.
@Icarus I work in the medical facility that conducted the Autopsy/pathology on the poor kid. Cause of death Pleural effusion due to flu symptoms. Yea lots of people survive the flu. People with strong immune systems unlick 6 month olds. And yeas her older children were fine but is that a risk you want to take? 85% success rate is the same you get playing russian roulette.
@Five, Placebo effect is not causing millions of people to continue homeopathic medicine as the main medicine. The approach that homeopathy takes towards cure, ‘stimulation of host immune system’ is a better one compared to allopathy’s ‘pesticide spraying’ approach.
The problem with modern allopathic medicine is it has become the ‘new church’ with its arrogance and dogma. People are no longer able to afford cheap medicine.
@ listener: In a way you are correct however all blame for failure cannot fall onto medical practitioners. The reason we now have “super bugs” such as MRSA is due to the fact that many patients do not complete their perscribed antibiotic regemen. They discontinue taking meds when they fell better leaving only the most resistant bactirium or virus to propigate. As to medical cost; this is a touchey issue to most. The answer lies in another part of your statement. The solution to medical cost lies within torte reform. The cost of medical malpractice insurance underlies cost on bot individual and facility levels. We as consumers complain about the “medical god complex” while simultaneously suing their pants off each and every time they commit human error. We can’t have it both ways.
@listener
What makes you or anyone else think Homeopathic remedies stimulate the immune system in any way at all, they don’t, nor can they behave anything like a vaccine. If they did, even slightly, it would be immediately and easily verifiable by clinical test procedures and Randi would have lost his million long ago. No, you are repeating an urban myth based on an ignorant misunderstanding of the medical jargon and confusing it with hopeful alternative remedies which all amounts to wishful and magical thinking. If you had done your homework, starting with this video, this should be obvious to you.
Old Limpy -
You have much to learn about economics. It’s true role and influence in the corporate world couldn’t be anymore obvious than it is today. Yet….